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Essential Philosophy

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  1. Introduction

    Introduction: Essential Philosophy (Preview Content)
    1 Topic
  2. Dr. Schenk's Story: Essential Philosophy (Preview Content)
    1 Topic
  3. Lessons & Discussions
    Lesson 1: Fundamental Distinctions Used in Philosophy (Preview Content)
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  4. Discussion 1: Paying Attention to Your Own Thinking
  5. Lesson 2: Popular Errors in Academia (Preview Content)
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  6. Discussion 2: Discussion of Three Common Academic Errors
  7. Lesson 3: Skepticism about Truth (Preview Content)
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  8. Lesson 4: Three Examples of Faulty Reasoning
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  9. Lesson 5: Ontology--The Study of Being
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  10. Discussion 3: Discussion of the Ontological Argument
  11. Lesson 6: Anselm’s Ontological Argument for the Existence of God
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  12. Lesson 7: Anselm’s Ontological Argument Continued
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  13. Discussion 4: Alvin Plantinga's Contribution to Arguments for the Existence of God
  14. Lesson 8: Aquinas' Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  15. Lesson 9: Craig's Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  16. Discussion 5: Why Do We Keep Arguing about the Existence of God?
  17. Lesson 10: Grunbaum’s Response to the Cosmological Argument
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  18. Discussion 6: Why is There Something and Not Nothing?
  19. Lesson 11: Introduction to the Problem of Evil
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  20. Lesson 12: Solution to the Problem of Evil
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  21. Discussion 7: The Problem of Evil
  22. Lesson 13: Theodicies for the Greater Good Argument
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  23. Lesson 14: William Rowe’s Evidential Version of the Problem of Evil Argument
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  24. Lesson 15: The Design Argument for the Existence of God
    4 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  25. Lesson 16: The Fine-Tuning Argument for the Existence of God
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  26. Lesson 17: The Fine-Tuning Argument Continued
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  27. Discussion 8: The Fine-Tuning Argument
  28. Lesson 18: The Free Will Debate
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  29. Discussion 9: The Free Will Debate
  30. Lesson 19: David Hume's Radical Empiricism and Argument Against Causation
    2 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  31. Lesson 20: Roderick Chisholm's Theory of Agency
    2 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  32. Lesson 21:Chisholm's Critique of Hume's Compatibilist Theory of Action
    2 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  33. Lesson 22: The Need for a Theory of Action
    2 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  34. Lesson 23: Frankfurt's Theory of Action
    3 Topics
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    1 Quiz
  35. Discussion 10: Why Educators Should Study Philosophy
  36. Discussion 11: Why Dr. Schenk Moved from Atheism to Theism
  37. End of Course Test
    End of Course Test: Essential Philosophy
    1 Quiz
Lesson Progress
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Review: The Ontological and Cosmological Arguments 

Up to this lecture, Dr. Schenk covered these aspects of the Ontological Argument: Anselm’s 1st Ontological Argument; perfections; Hierarchy of Being; Alvin Plantinga’s 2nd Version of the Ontological Argument; necessary/contingent beings; and possible worlds. Also, consider some objections to the Ontological Argument: Gaunilo’s Perfect Island; Kant’s Objection; Russell’s Objection; and David Hume’s Argument Against Necessary Beings.

Now consider the material Dr. Schenk has provided this far for the Cosmological Argument: the modern versus Aristotelian understanding of causation; Aquinas’ Second Way Cosmological Argument; and Samuel Clarke’s Version.

Discussion Questions: 

  • What are the main differences between the Ontological and Cosmological Arguments?
  • Compare and contrast the ways in which each argument approaches or understands God.
  • Every philosophical argument has its supporters and its refuters. Which argument(s) do you buy, and which argument(s) are you still unsure about? Why?
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